Monday, February 24, 2020

Philosophy Phenomenology and existentialism Sartre on BeinginItself Essay

Philosophy Phenomenology and existentialism Sartre on BeinginItself and BeingforItself - Essay Example His main saying was "Existence precedes Essence". According to Sartre, humans do not have any predetermined nature or course that they should follow. They can decide to do anything that is valuable to them. They have free choice and independent action. The human nature is shaped through these free choices and values. According to the Existentialist view, we create our own nature through our actions, desires, decisions, plans and ambitions. His above slogan negates the traditional view where essence comes before existence and this is the centre of the conventional argument that human beings are born pre-endowed with a nature of their own. According to the pre-determined nature, the individual's chances, opportunities, values, concept in life and achievements are all pre-determined and he will accept life according to the predetermined nature guided by his characters and nature. There is very little he can do about it and alter neither the own nature nor the course it is taking. But Sartre argues against all of it. So, according to his Existentialism it is all in the hands of Man and his likes and dislikes that makes life's rulings. His arguments on being-in-itself and being-for-itself are grounded on this basic assumption. "I suppose that it is accurate to say loosely that being in itself is nonconscious being and that being-for-itself is conscious being. And, at least pragmatically, we may as well restrict being-for-i tself to human being," says Howells (1992, p.49). He says that the external world is connected to the state of being-in-itself and it is a way of existence, an unconscious one, neither passive, nor active, and has no capacity of transcendence. According to Sartre humans like to play God and have a compulsive desire to reach the status of being-in-itself, which means, an ardent longing to be the master of one's own destiny, to be identified in a gratifying way, and attain complete control over his own and other's existence. The difference between the two states is shown in the most simplistic way possible by Sartre. His famous example of a waiter is very interesting. A waiter in the caf thinks that he is a born waiter and nothing else. He thinks that the caf cannot work without him and he is the epitome of perfection in his job. But Sartre says that this cannot be so. He says a man cannot be a complete waiter the way an inkwell is an inkwell. This means, inkwell cannot be anything else other than inkwell, while the man can be many more things other than being a waiter. If he loses the job, or if he gets some other opportunity, he will be come a policeman, or a shopkeeper or a lawyer, or anything else. He could get into any other identity, many of them, one of which is being a waiter because a human being is constantly creating and recreating himself and adapting himself to any role that becomes a necessity of the moment. As inkwell is inkwell, the man is a man. The difference is man can adapt himself to many more identities; but he still continues to be a man which is the state of being-for-itself. In the state of being for itself, he does not ha ve any fixed nature or essence. Actually he should focus more on being for itself instead of being in itself, and he commits this error constantly. While doing so, he becomes a

Friday, February 7, 2020

Argument Essay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Argument Assignment - Essay Example Speaking of the latter, there are campuses today that are experiencing problems brought about by crows. One of which would be that it serves as a distraction for students from class as crows bring fear to some while curiosity to others. Instead of listening in class, students tend to talk about crows and some just want to leave the room into a safer place. Second problem of which would be that some crows get into the food of the students and eat them. They also get into the cafeteria which may pose a threat to the cleanliness of the food being served. Third, some crows have the tendency of attacking kids when they think their actions are provoking or harming them. Lastly, the overall hygiene of the campus is being sacrificed because of the fecal matter that the crows drop along the hallways. This can again result to the increase of viruses that may result to sickness. With all these said, there is indeed a need to provide a solution for these very valid problems, that when not immediately acted upon would cause bigger problems for the school and its students. A good way to start solving this problem would be to set aside a fund that would allow the depopulation of crows. One of which would be to set up scare crows which will repel them from staying in the campuses. There is also a more practical way of visually repelling them such as by setting up mirrors in the area that when hit by the sun will reflect a light that will make it hard for crows to see. Indeed, though crow depopulation is not really a common problem that we would be familiarly spending money on, I strongly believe that funding a solution to it is a must. This is because the presence of crows in the campus has a lot of repercussions. First, it could affect the credibility and the effectiveness of the school towards the learning of students because they get distracted by them. If this happens, it would cost the school more to have these students transfer to